Tuberculosis (TB)
is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. It is an airborne disease that is transmitted when a person comes into direct contact with a TB patient who coughs or sneezes in front of them. Symptoms include a persistent cough for up to 3 weeks, loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, and coughing up blood or mucus. TB can be treated with long-term medication if diagnosed early, but if left untreated, it can be deadly.
Hepatitis
is a widespread disease with various types. It causes inflammation of the liver, which is a vital organ for the body's functioning. The types of hepatitis are A, B, C, D, and E, each with different symptoms and severity. Types A and C are caused by consuming contaminated food, while types B, C, and D are transmitted through direct contact with infected fluids, mainly blood and blood products. Symptoms include fatigue, dark urine, light-colored stools, fever, and jaundice. Early diagnosis and proper treatment with vaccines can help reduce the severity of the disease.
Malaria
is caused by a parasite called plasmodium, which is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The disease becomes evident 10-15 days after a mosquito bite. Symptoms include high fever, chills, muscle pain, and flu-like symptoms. The parasite multiplies in the liver and affects red blood cells. If not treated promptly, malaria can become life-threatening by blocking blood supply to vital organs. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent the disease from worsening.
Food poisoning
is a common infectious disease caused by consuming contaminated or unhygienically prepared food. Symptoms include diarrhea, loss of body fluids, vomiting, and tiredness. Although not usually fatal, it can be treated by consuming oral rehydration solution (ORS) and antibiotics to prevent further complications. The disease typically lasts up to 2 days, but medical assistance should be sought if it persists.
Dengue
is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes and causes symptoms such as fever, joint pains, headache, rashes, and swollen lymph nodes. In severe cases, it can lead to hemorrhage, bleeding, vomiting, and breathing difficulties. Dengue mainly affects children under 10 years old and can be lethal if not diagnosed early. While there is no specific treatment for the disease, early diagnosis and management of individual symptoms can help combat it.
Cholera
is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, primarily spread through contaminated water infected with the feces of an infected person. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, vomiting, and, in severe cases, death. Cholera can lead to excessive fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance. Oral rehydration solution is given at the onset of the disease, and antibiotics are administered when the condition worsens. Proper hygiene and ensuring the consumption of clean water can help prevent infection.
Common cold
is an airborne infectious disease transmitted through direct contact with a person infected with a cold. Symptoms include a runny nose, sore throat, and sneezing. Sneezing is the main mode of transmission. To prevent the spread of the common cold, individuals should cover their mouth while sneezing, carry clean handkerchiefs or tissues, and practice good hygiene.
Leprosy
is a chronic infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. It primarily affects the peripheral nerves of the upper respiratory tract, leading to inflammation and the formation of sores on the skin. The disease can cause damage to the skin if left untreated for a long time. Leprosy treatment lasts for 12 months and has resulted in a decrease in the number of affected individuals.
AIDS
or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, which weakens the immune system. It has been prevalent since the 1980s and has affected millions of people. HIV is mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, unsterilized needles, and contaminated blood transfusions. The virus gradually damages the immune system, making the body susceptible to diseases and infections, including tumor growth. While there are treatments to slow down the progression of the disease, there is no cure. Preventive measures such as using new and sterilized needles and practicing safe sex are essential. AIDS is still stigmatized in society and has attracted international attention.
Chickenpox
is primarily caused by the Varicella Zoster virus and is transmitted through the air or direct contact with an infected person. The disease starts with a rash that develops into blisters within 10-12 hours and spreads throughout the body. The blisters can be itchy and last for about 6-7 days until they dry out. A person with chickenpox is contagious from 1-2 days before the rash appears until the blisters dry out. Direct contact with a