Nun
In the cosmogony of Hermopolis, Nun and her female counterpart Neunet represented the Primordial Water and, along with seven other gods, formed the Ogdoad. Nun, also known as Nu, is the deity symbolizing the cosmic liquid from which the universe originated. Nun is classified as a Primordial Neteru, transitioning from a subjective being to an objective being known as Atum. The name Nun means Abyss.
Ra
Ra, also known as Re, is the Sun god of Ancient Egypt. During the Fifth Dynasty period, he became one of the main deities in the Egyptian religion, primarily associated with the midday sun. His main place of worship was in the city of Heliopolis, where he was linked with the local sun god, Atum. Through Atum, or as Atum-Ra, he was also considered the first being, responsible for the Egyptian Ennead, which included Shu and Tephnis, Geb and Nut, Osiris, Seti, Isis, and Nephthys.
In the pyramid texts, Ra and Horus were clearly distinguished (for example, Horus moving the throne of Ra to the south of heaven), but in later dynasties, Ra was merged with the god Horus to form Ra-Horachetti (Ra, who is the Horus of the Two Horizons). He was believed to be the ruler over all parts of the created world (heaven, earth, and underworld) and was often depicted as a falcon or hawk. During the New Kingdom, the god Ammon rose to prominence after merging with Ra to become Ammon-Ra.
Seth
Seth, also known as Set, is the Egyptian deity associated with chaos, drought, and war. He is also considered the lord of the red earth, serving as a counterbalance to Horus, who is the lord of the black earth. In Egyptian mythology, Seth is the god of confusion, disorder, and disruption, as depicted in hieroglyphic writings where his animal symbol represents negative concepts such as authoritarianism, fury, cruelty, crisis, turmoil, disaster, suffering, and disease. As the master of thunder and lightning, Seth wields his power over the desert lands, arid regions, and countries beyond the Nile plain in Egypt. He is a multifaceted and enigmatic deity.
Osiris
Osiris is known as the god of the dead and also the deity of vegetation, judgment, and more. Originally, in Lower Egypt, he was worshipped as the embodiment of the power of the soil, which allows plants to grow. Over time, he gained additional attributes, such as being the inventor of agriculture and the supporter of civilization. He was seen as a patron of civilization. Later myths portrayed him as a legendary pharaoh who ruled Egypt in ancient times. He was betrayed by his own brother, Seth, who killed him to take the throne.
After overcoming death, Osiris is reborn in the afterlife and becomes the Lord of the afterlife and the judge of the spirits who arrive there. Although the transition from a vegetation god to a god of the afterlife may seem disconnected and inconsistent, the common theme in these attributes is the idea of cycles of life and rebirth, which are associated with both vegetation and the journey to the afterlife. In summary, Osiris can be considered the god of rebirth.
Anubis
Anubis, the ancient Egyptian deity associated with death and the afterlife, guided the souls of the deceased in the underworld. Anubis was commonly depicted with the head of a jackal, although some conservative Egyptologists argue that the exact animal representation is uncertain. In Egyptian mythology, Anubis was closely linked to mummification and served as a protector of the pyramids. In the Egyptian language, Anubis was referred to as Inpu. The earliest references to Anubis can be found in the Pyramid Texts of the Old Kingdom, where the deity is often connected to the burial of Pharaohs. During the Middle Kingdom, Osiris assumed the role of the primary god of the dead, while Anubis took on lesser responsibilities such as preparing and embalming the deceased. Anubis played a crucial role in the mummification process.